5.2 Graphical Representation of Data:

 

Bar Chart

 

5.2 Example 1: You or your friend as a cricketer must be scoring runs in your school matches. In one of such match assume you/your friend had scored a century by scoring runs all around the wicket. The scoring must have been across 6 major areas (Midwicket, Cover, Longon, Longoff, Fineleg  & Thirdman) of the wicket. The scoring pattern for 100 runs is given in the table given below:

 

Workings: Let us draw a table with scoring area and runs scored as shown below:

 

 

      

Scoring Area

Runs

Midwicket

28

Cover

20

Longon

25

Longoff

9

Fineleg

11

Thirdman

7

Total

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

This data can be pictorially represented as shown in the adjoining figure (Bar chart).

The vertical line has markings in steps of 5 runs (from 0 to 30).

The names of the area are marked on the horizontal line and each area is represented by a bar.

The height(length) of the bar is proportional to runs scored.

Width of the bars is same.

The space between bars is same

 

  

 

Pie Chart

 

Let us represent the above data in a different format as shown in the adjoining figure called Pie Chart.

 

Here the areas are represented by different colors, starting with Midwicket area, the area in which highest runs were scored (28%).

In this type of chart, runs are represented by the size of the sector converted to percentage.

 

Higher the percentage, larger will be the size of the sector (converted to percentages).

 

If you compare the above two types of pictorial representations for the same data (Bar chart and Pie chart), don’t you think that Pie Chart is more appropriate as compared to Bar chart in this example.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Why?

 

 

 

The reason is Pie chart gives us a complete picture of scoring pattern and sum of percentages of all sectors = 100%.

Bar chart is suitable when the data values expressed as %, do not add up to 100% (like in the case of data for several time periods, countries etc)

 


       5.2 Example 2: Let us consider the following example of results of a Board examination given in pass percentage for few years as given below:

 

 

 

 

Year

Pass%

2001

44.2

2002

48.0

2003

46.5

2004

47.0

2005

44.5

In the adjoining figure, we have marked pass % from 42 and not from 0.

 

 

 

(If done from 0, the graph would have become too big)

 

 

Construction of Bar and Pie charts


5.2. Example 3:  Draw a suitable chart to represent the following data about heartbeat of a human being.

Age in years            ΰ

5

10

12

15

Above 18

Heart beats/ Minute ΰ

100

90

85

80

72

 

Solution:

 

We notice that heartbeats can not be expressed as % and hence Pie chart can not be drawn for this set of data. We have to represent this data as Bar chart.

Step1. On a sheet of paper or graph sheet, draw a horizontal line OX,

Step2.  Draw a vertical line OY perpendicular to OX at O

OX will be the line which will represent Ages and OY will be the line which will represent heartbeats.

Step 3. Since heartbeats are between72 and 100, we use the scale 1cm = 10 heartbeats.

So we have

100 hearbeats =  100*1cm/10 = 10cm

92   heartbeats =   92*1cm/10 = 9.2cm

85   heartbeats = 85*1cm/10   = 8.5cm

80   heartbeats = 80*1cm/10  =  8cm

72   heartbeats = 72*1cm/10  = 7.2cm

These will be the heights of bars.

Step 4. On line OX, mark ‘5’ at approximately 1.5cm  away from O (this will represent the age group 5).

Step 5. Construct a bar of height 10cm (=100 heartbeats) and width of 1cm above ‘5’. This bar will represent the age group 5.

Step 6. Mark ‘10’ at approximately 1.5cm away from the above bar (this will represent the age group 10).

Step 7. Construct a bar of height 9cm(=90 heartbeats) and width of 1cm above ‘10’. This bar will represent the age group 10.

Step 8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the remaining age groups of 12, 15 and ‘>18’ with heights of bar equal to 8.5cm, 8cm and 7.2cm respectively. Width of the bar will be  same(1cm)

 

5.2 Example 4: Draw a chart for viewer ship (viewing pattern) of different channels, among 250 students, which is given below.

 

No

Channel

Students

1

National Geographic

100

2

Discovery Channel

50

3

Sports Channel

75

4

Others

25


Solution:

Since students belonging to each category can be expressed as % of the  total (250), we need to draw a Pie Chart.

 

Step 1 : Calculate the size of sector proportionate to the number of students for each of the above 4 categories.

 

Note : Angle at center of circle is 3600.

 

Channel

Students

Angle of the sector

National Geographic

100

(360/250)*100 = 1440

Discovery Channel

50

(360/250)*50   =  720

Sports Channel

75

(360/250)*75   = 1080

Others

25

(360/250)*25   =   360

Total --ΰ

250

                        3600

 

We multiplied each of the student count by 360 and divided them by total number of students (250) to get the proportionate size of the sector.

Step2. Draw a circle of suitable radius

Step3. Mark the above angles at the center of the circle and draw sectors correspondingly.

Step4. Shade them suitably so as to distinguish each of the sectors and write names of the channel in the appropriate sector.

 

5.2 Example 5: The four sections in 10th standard of a school have below mentioned class strength

 

Section

Girls

Boys

Total

A

24

36

60

B

27

30

57

C

23

40

63

D

19

35

54

Represent the above data in a suitable format.

 

We could draw two bar charts for the above data

(One for boys, one for girls separately)

 

In such a case since charts are different, it would not be possible to read and compare data easily.

 

If we represent data for girls and boys side by side as in figure on the left hand side it becomes easy for analysis.

Such a bar chart is called ‘Joint Bar Diagram (chart)’

 

As an alternative, what if we represent data in the same bar one above the other, like in the figure on the right hand side?

Such a bar chart is called ‘Sub-divided bar chart’

 

 

 

 

5.2 Summary of learning

 

 

No

Points to remember

1

Bar chart is a method of representation of data in bars of equal width. However length of the bar is proportional to its figure (number).

2

Pie chart is a method of representation of data in terms of sectors of a circle. The size of sector is proportional to its figure (number).